1- SIMILE
التشبيه
A simile is the simplest figure of speech. It is an explicit comparison between two dissimilar parties to make them similar in one or more aspect by the use of an instrument (e.g. like, as, compare; etc.)
Any simile should have four components:
tenor -1 مشبة
2- vehicle مشبة بة
3- instrument اداة الشبه
4- ground وجة الشبة
ُE.g.
For the world, which seems to lie
Before us like a land of dreams
Arnold's simile can be analyzed as follows:
The tenor: the world
The vehicle: a land of dreams
The instrument: like
The ground or the aspects of similarity: happiness, peace of mind, and joy.
فى هذا المثال شبة الشاعر العالم بارض الاحلام فيكون وجة الشبه هو الفرح وصفاء الذهن والمشبة هو العالم المشبة بة هو ارض الاحلام والاداة هى مثل
Practice:
Try to analyze the simile in the following line as I've already done above .... answer in your post
O, My love's like a red, red Rose
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2- METAPHOR
There are different types of metaphors let us study the first one (implied or suggested metapor)
The simplest definition of a metaphor refers to it as an implicit * comparison between two parties between two dissimilar parties to make them similar in one aspect or more without any use of instrument. The use of the "rose" in Burn's simile, "O, My love's like a red, red Rose," is different from its use in the following lines:
She was our queen, our rose, our star,
And then she danced- O heaven, her dancing !
In the above lines, the poet likens the lady concerned ( Queen Elizabeth I) to a "rose", and a "star" without using an instrument
tenor is the lady described
vehicle 1- the rose 2-the star
ground:
1- beauty of colour, tenderness, and nice smell
2- brightness, majesty, and elevation
There are two other forms of the METAPHOR:
1- The first is the one in which an attribute or quality of the vehicle is transferred to the tenor without being related. This is clear in the following line:
She was our queen, our rose, our star,
And then she danced- O heaven, her dancing!
In the second line he says that this rose or star dances.A queen may dance, but neither a rose nor a star dances; and the description of the movement and the star as dancing is metaphorical
يبقى تانى شكل من الاستعارة هو ان صفة من المشبة بة تنقل الى المشبة بطريقة غير مباشرة. يعنى المفروض ان الشاعر وصف الملكة بالزهرة والنجمة ....
يبقى الملكة = الزهرة = النجمة
فوصف فى البيت الثاني ان هذة الزهرة رقصت يبقى دة النوع التانى من الاستعارة لان الزهرة لا يمكن ان ترقص...
The third form of the METAPHOR is the one in which the poet concretizes the abstract
EX:
Love with youth flies swift away
Here the abstract noun "love" is made concrete "a bird that flies"
الشكل الثالث ان الشاعر يجعل من الشئ المعنوى كالحب مثلا شئ مادى محسوس كالطير
